historia

É isto que os autores deste livro pretendem contar: “A história do antigo Israel e o nascimento de suas escrituras sagradas a partir de uma nova perspectiva, uma perspectiva arqueológica”. Os autores pretendem separar história de lenda. Enfim, declaram, seu propósito não é simplesmente desmontar conhecimentos ou crenças, mas partilhar as mais recentes percepções arqueológicas “não apenas sobre o quando, mas também sobre o porquê a Bíblia foi escrita, e porque ela permanece tão poderosa ainda hoje”.

FINKELSTEIN, I. ; SILBERMAN, N. A. A Bíblia desenterrada: A nova visão arqueológica do antigo Israel e das origens dos seus textos sagrados. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2018, 392 p. – ISBN 9788532658074.

Esta obra, um marco na História de Israel, que fora lançada em português em 2003 [A Bíblia não tinha razão. São Paulo: A Girafa, 2003, 515 p. – ISBN 8589876187], e está esgotada, recebe agora nova edição pela Vozes, certamente bem mais cuidada e com título muito mais adequado.

Eu a utilizo, desde seu lançamento em inglês, em 2001, como bibliografia básica em meu curso de História de Israel.

Recomendo a leitura de minha resenha do original em inglês:

FINKELSTEIN, I. ; SILBERMAN, N. A. The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. New York: The Free Press, 2001, xii + 385 p. – ISBN 9780684869124

Judean Life in Babylonia – By Dr. Laurie Pearce – TheTorah.com

Após a conquista de Judá em 586 a.C., Nabucodonosor deportou muitos judaítas para a Babilônia. Como era a vida deles no exílio? Eles foram assimilados ou não? Que língua (s) eles falavam e que práticas religiosas eles mantiveram? Qual era a sua posição social e econômica? Registros babilônicos nos permitem vislumbrar a vida de alguns dos deportados.

Upon the conquest of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar deported many Judeans to Babylonia. What was their life like there? Were they assimilated, or did they stand out? What language(s) did they speak and what religious practices did they maintain? What was their social and economic standing? Babylonian records allow us glimpses into the lives of some of the deportees.

A Dra. Laurie Pearce é Professora de acádico no Departamento de Estudos do Oriente Médio, Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley, USA.

Dr. Laurie Pearce is a Lecturer in Akkadian in the Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

GRABBE, L. L. (ed.) Even God Cannot Change the Past: Reflections on Seventeen Years of the European Seminar in Historical Methodology. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2018, 256 p. – ISBN 9780567680563.

This volume represents the final publication of the European Seminar in Historical Methodology. The volume reflects on the ground-breaking work of this prestigious seminar in the field of biblical history. In part one, long-term members of the seminar (Bob Becking, Ehud Ben Zvi, Philip R. Davies, Ernst Axel Knauf, Niels Peter Lemche, Thomas L Thompson) provide reflections on its work. Part two presents an opportunity for readers to benefit from contributions that have remained heretofore unpublished. This includes material on the Persian period, questions of orality and writing, and contributions on the Maccabean period. Bringing these papers together in a published form provides a fitting way to round out the work of this significant endeavour in historical methodology.

Diz o título que “Nem mesmo Deus pode mudar o passado”. A obra traz reflexões sobre os 17 anos do Seminário Europeu de Metodologia Histórica.

São três partes: na primeira, participantes do Seminário refletem sobre seu trabalho; na segunda há contribuições que não tinham sido publicadas; na terceira, uma avaliação feita por Lester L. Grabbe, coordenador do Seminário e editor das publicações.

Part I: Statements on and Evaluations of the Seminar
1. Why Start with the Text? The Fall of Samaria Revisited – Bob Becking, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
2. Clio Today and Ancient Israelite History: Some Thoughts and Observations at the Closing Session of the European Seminar for Historical Methodology – Ehud Ben Zvi, University of Alberta, Canada
3. ‘Just the Facts, Ma’am!’ Reflections on the ESHM – Philip R. Davies, University of Sheffield, UK
4. Vingt Ans Apres: A Personal Retrospective – Ernst Axel Knauf, University of Bern, Switzerland
5. The Future of Israel’s History – Niels Peter Lemche, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
6. The Problem of Israel in the History of the South Levant – Thomas L. Thompson, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Part II: Tidying Up . . .: Publication of Papers from Sessions Not Published
7. 1997 Session: From the Volume, Leading Captivity Captive (1998)
8. The Exilic Period as an Urgent Case for a Historical Reconstruction Without the Biblical Text – Rainer Albertz, University of Münster, Germany
9. 2008 Session in Libbon on the Oral, the Written, and Cultural Memory
10. Cultural Memory in Practice: Ezra and Nehemiah – Philip R. Davies, University of Sheffield, UK
11. The Oral, the Written, the Forgotten, the Remembered: Studies in Historiography and their Implication for Ancient Israel – Lester L. Grabbe, University of Hull, UK
12. 2011 Session on Thessaloniki on the Maccabees and Thessalonians
13. The Relation between Samaria and Jerusalem in the Early Maccabean Period Revisited: A Case Study about the Reception of Phinehas – Tobias Funke, University of Leipzig, Germany
14. From Philadelphus to Hyrcanus: A Shorter Path between the Formation and the Canonization of Biblical Historiography – Philippe Guillaume, University of Bern, Switzerland
15. Joshua Maccabaeus: Another Reading of 1 Maccabees 5 – Ernst Axel Knauf, University of Münster, Germany

Part III: Conclusion
16. Seventeen Years of the European Seminar in Historical Methodology: A Personal View of the Results – Lester L. Grabbe, University of Hull, UK

A New ‘Biblical Archaeology’ – By Philip R Davies – The Bible and Interpretation: June 2018

Se os textos bíblicos não são apenas artefatos literários mas também históricos, eles são, em teoria, capazes de serem integrados com artefatos materiais. Considerando os perigos do fundamentalismo bíblico e atividades arqueológicas relacionadas, e o perigo emergente de um fundamentalismo arqueológico que acredita ser unicamente a arqueologia capaz de escrever uma história competente, é importante nos concentrarmos nos meios pelos quais os dados textuais e materiais deveriam ser analisados, de tal forma que uma história possa ser escrita com a contribuição de ambos.

If the biblical texts are not purely literary artefacts but also historical ones, they are in principle, or in theory, capable of being integrated with material artefacts. Given the dangers of biblical fundamentalism and its corresponding archaeological activities and the emerging danger of archaeological fundamentalism that believes only archaeology delivers history and only archaeologists can write a competent history, it is important to focus on the means by which textual and material data should be analysed in such a way that a history can be written that makes sense equally of both.

Este é o capítulo 1 de: HJELM, I. ; THOMPSON, T. L. (eds.) Biblical Interpretation Beyond Historicity: Changing Perspectives 7. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016, 208 p. – ISBN 9781138889521.

Philip R. Davies faleceu recentemente. Leia aqui e aqui.

WHITELAM, K. W. Revealing the History of Ancient Palestine: Changing Perspectives 8. Abingdon: Routledge, 2018, 416 p. – ISBN  9780815365914.

This volume is part of the Changing Perspectives sub-series, which is constituted by anthologies of articles by world-renowned biblical scholars and historians that have made an impact on the field and changed its course during the last decades. This volume offers a collection of seminal essays by Keith Whitelam on the early history of ancient Palestine and the origins and emergence of Israel. Collected together in one volume for the first time, and featuring one unpublished article, this volume will be of interest to biblical and ancient Near Eastern scholars interested in the politics of historical representation but also on critical ways of constructing the history of ancient Palestine.

Table of Contents

Introduction, by Emanuel Pfoh

1. Recreating the History of Israel

2. The Emergence of Israel: Social Transformation and State Formation following the Decline in Late Bronze Age Trade (with R.B. Coote)

3. Israel’s Traditions of Origin: Reclaiming the Land

4. Between History and Literature: The Social Production of Israel’s Traditions of Origin

5. The Identity of Early Israel: The Realignment and Transformation of Late Bronze-Iron Age Palestine

6. Sociology or History: Towards a (Human) History of Ancient Palestine?

7. The Search for Early Israel: Historical Perspective

8. ‘Israel Is Laid Waste; His Seed Is No More’: What If Merneptah’s Scribes Were Telling the Truth?

9. Palestine during the Iron Age

10. The Poetics of the History of Israel: Shaping Palestinian History

11. Representing Minimalism: The Rhetoric and Reality of Revisionism

12. Transcending the Boundaries: Expanding the Limits

13. Imagining Jerusalem

14. Interested Parties: History and Ideology at the End of the Century

15. Resisting the Past: Ancient Israel in Western Memory

16. The Death of Biblical History

17. Architectures of Enmity

Index

 

Keith W. Whitelam was previously Professor and Head of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Stirling, UK, and later Professor and Head of the Department of Biblical Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK. He is also the founder and director for Sheffield Phoenix Press, specialising in the publication of research in biblical studies. His previous books include The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History (Routledge 1996), and The Emergence of Early Israel in Historical Perspective (with Robert B. Coote, 2010).

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Vídeos da Conferência sobre o Êxodo – Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego – 2013

Out of Egypt: Israel’s Exodus Between Text and Memory, History and Imagination.

Também aqui.

Desta conferência resultou o livro

LEVY, T. E. ; SCHNEIDER, T. ; PROPP, W. H. C. (eds.) Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience. New York: Springer, 2015, XXVII + 584 p. – ISBN 9783319349770.

 

The Bible’s grand narrative about Israel’s Exodus from Egypt is central to Biblical religion, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim identity and the formation of the academic disciplines studying the ancient Near East. It has also been a pervasive theme in artistic and popular imagination. Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective is a pioneering work surveying this tradition in unprecedented breadth, combining archaeological discovery, quantitative methodology and close literary reading. Archaeologists, Egyptologists, Biblical Scholars, Computer Scientists, Geoscientists and other experts contribute their diverse approaches in a novel, transdisciplinary consideration of ancient topography, Egyptian and Near Eastern parallels to the Exodus story, the historicity of the Exodus, the interface of the Exodus question with archaeological fieldwork on emergent Israel, the formation of biblical literature, and the cultural memory of the Exodus in ancient Israel and beyond.

This edited volume contains research presented at the groundbreaking symposium “Out of Egypt: Israel’s Exodus Between Text and Memory, History and Imagination” held in 2013 at the Qualcomm Institute of the University of California, San Diego. The combination of 44 contributions by an international group of scholars from diverse disciplines makes this the first such transdisciplinary study of ancient text and history. In the original conference and with this new volume, revolutionary media, such as a 3D immersive virtual reality environment, impart innovative, Exodus-based research to a wider audience. Out of archaeology, ancient texts, science and technology emerge an up-to-date picture of the Exodus for the 21st Century and a new standard for collaborative research.

Thomas Evan Levy is Distinguished Professor and holds the Norma Kershaw Chair in the Archaeology of Ancient Israel and Neighboring Lands at the University of California, San Diego. Thomas Schneider is Professor of Egyptology and Near Eastern Studies at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. William H. C. Propp is the Harriet and Louis Bookheim Professor of Biblical Hebrew and Related Languages at the University of California, San Diego.

Este curso de História de Israel compreende 4 horas semanais, com duração de um semestre, o primeiro dos oito semestres do curso de Teologia. Os alunos recebem os roteiros de todas as minhas disciplinas do ano em curso nos formatos pdf e html. Os sistemas de avaliação e aprendizagem seguem as normas da Faculdade e são, dentro do espaço permitido, combinados com os alunos no começo do curso.

I. Ementa
Discute com o aluno os elementos necessários para uma compreensão global e essencial da história econômica, política e social do povo israelita, como base para um aprofundamento maior da história teológica desse povo. Possibilita ao aluno uma reflexão séria sobre o processo histórico de Israel desde suas origens até o século I d.C.

II. Objetivos
Oferece ao aluno um quadro coerente da História de Israel e discute as tendências atuais da pesquisa na área. Constrói uma base de conhecimentos histórico-sociais necessários ao aluno para que possa situar no seu contexto a literatura bíblica veterotestamentária produzida no período.

III. Conteúdo Programático
1. Noções de geografia do Antigo Oriente Médio

2. As origens de Israel

3. Os governos de Saul, Davi e Salomão

4. O reino de Israel

5. O reino de Judá

6. A época persa e as conquistas de Alexandre

7. Os Ptolomeus governam a Palestina

8. Os Selêucidas: a helenização da Palestina

9. Os Macabeus I: a resistência

10. Os Macabeus II: a independência

11. O domínio romano

IV. Bibliografia
Básica
FINKELSTEIN, I.; SILBERMAN, N. A. A Bíblia não tinha razão. São Paulo: A Girafa, 2003, 515 p. – ISBN 8589876187.

LIVERANI, M. Para além da Bíblia: história antiga de Israel. São Paulo: Loyola/Paulus, 2008, 544 p. – ISBN 9788515035557.

PIXLEY, J. A História de Israel a partir dos pobres. 11. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2013, 136 p. – ISBN 9788532602824.

Complementar
CURTIS, A. Oxford Bible Atlas. 4. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, 224 p. – ISBN 9780191001581.

DA SILVA, A. J. A História Antiga de Israel no Brasil: três opiniões.  Observatório Bíblico – 17 de outubro de 2013.

DA SILVA, A. J. A história de Israel na pesquisa atual. In: História de Israel e as pesquisas mais recentes. 2. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2003, p. 43-87 – ISBN 8532628281.

DA SILVA, A. J. A história de Israel na pesquisa atual. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 71, p. 62-74, 2001.

DA SILVA, A. J. A história de Israel no debate atual. Artigo na Ayrton’s Biblical Page.

DA SILVA, A. J. A origem dos antigos Estados israelitas. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 78, p. 18-31, 2003.

DA SILVA, A. J. História de Israel. Texto na Ayrton’s Biblical Page.

DA SILVA, A. J. O Pentateuco e a História de Israel. In: Teologia na pós-modernidade. Abordagens epistemológica, sistemática e teórico-prática. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2007, p. 173-215. – ISBN 853561110X

DA SILVA. A. J. Os essênios: a racionalização da solidariedade. Artigo na Ayrton’s Biblical Page.

DA SILVA, A. J. Pode uma ‘história de Israel’ ser escrita? Observando o debate atual sobre a história de Israel. Artigo na Ayrton’s Biblical Page.

DA SILVA, A. J. Religião e formação de classes na antiga Judeia. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 120, p. 413-434, 2013.

DA SILVA, A. J. The History of Israel in the Current Research. Journal of Biblical Studies 1:2, Apr.-Jun. 2001.

DAVIES, P. R. In Search of ‘Ancient Israel’. 2. ed. London: Bloomsbury T & T Clark, [1992] 2015, 166 p. – ISBN 9781850757375.

DONNER, H. História de Israel e dos povos vizinhos. 2v. 6. ed. São Leopoldo: Sinodal/EST, 2014, 540 p. Vol 1: ISBN 9788562865244; Vol. 2: ISBN 9788562865411.

FINKELSTEIN, I. O reino esquecido: arqueologia e história de Israel Norte. São Paulo: Paulus, 2015, 232 p. – ISBN 9788534942393.

FINKELSTEIN, I. The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013, 210 p. – ISBN 9781589839106. Disponível online.

FINKELSTEIN, I.; MAZAR, A. The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007, 220 p. – ISBN 9781589832770. Disponível online.

FINKELSTEIN, I.; SILBERMAN, N. A. David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible’s Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York: The Free Press, 2007, 352 p. – ISBN 9780743243636.

GERSTENBERGER, E. S. Israel in the Persian Period: The Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011, 594 p. – ISBN 9781589832657. Disponível online.

GERSTENBERGER, E. S. Israel no tempo dos persas: Séculos V e IV antes de Cristo. São Paulo: Loyola, 2014, 552 p. – ISBN 9788515040759.

GOTTWALD, N. K. As Tribos de Iahweh: Uma Sociologia da Religião de Israel Liberto, 1250-1050 a.C. 2. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 2004, 939 p. – ISBN 8534922330.

HORSLEY, R. A. Arqueologia, história e sociedade na Galileia: o contexto social de Jesus e dos Rabis. São Paulo: Paulus, 2000 [reimpressão: 2012], 196 p. – ISBN 8534915679.

HORSLEY, R. A. Jesus e a espiral da violência: Resistência judaica popular na Palestina Romana. São Paulo: Paulus, 2010, 304 p. – ISBN 9788534926355.

KAEFER, J. A. A Bíblia, a arqueologia e a história de Israel e Judá. São Paulo: Paulus, 2015, 112 p. – ISBN 9788534941549.

KAEFER, J. A. Arqueologia das terras da Bíblia. São Paulo: Paulus, 2012, 96 p. – ISBN 9788534933773.

KAEFER, J. A. Arqueologia das terras da Bíblia II. São Paulo: Paulus, 2016, 136 p. – ISBN 9788534943109.

KESSLER, R. História social do antigo Israel. 2. ed. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2010, 304 p. – ISBN 9788535625295.

KIPPENBERG, H. G. Religião e formação de classes na antiga Judeia: estudo sociorreligioso sobre a relação entre tradição e evolução social. São Paulo: Paulus, 1997, 184 p. – ISBN 8505006798.

LOWERY, R. H. Os reis reformadores: culto e sociedade no Judá do Primeiro Templo. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2012, 351 p. – ISBN 8535612912.

MAZAR, A. Arqueologia na terra da Bíblia: 10.000 – 586 a.C. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2012, 558 p. – ISBN 8535610316.

MORGENZTERN, I.; RAGOBERT, T. A Bíblia e seu tempo – um olhar arqueológico sobre o Antigo Testamento. 2 DVDs. Documentário baseado no livro The Bible Unearthed [A Bíblia não tinha razão], de Israel Finkelstein e Neil Asher Silberman. São Paulo: História Viva – Duetto Editorial, 2007.

STEGEMANN, W. Jesus e seu tempo. São Leopoldo: Sinodal/EST, 2013, 576 p. – ISBN 9788562865886.

VAN SETERS, J. Em Busca da História: Historiografia no Mundo Antigo e as Origens da História Bíblica. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2008, 400 p. – ISBN 8531411017.

ZABATIERO, J. P. T. Uma história cultural de Israel. São Paulo: Paulus, 2013, 296 p. – ISBN 9788534937597.

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FRAHM, E. (ed.) A Companion to Assyria. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2017, XIV + 634 p. – ISBN 9781444335934.

A Companion to Assyria is a collection of original essays on ancient Assyria written by key international scholars. These new scholarly contributions have substantially reshaped contemporary understanding of society and life in this ancient civilization.

Eckart Frahm is Professor of Assyriology at Yale University, USA. His main research interests are Assyrian and Babylonian history and Mesopotamian scholarly texts of the first millennium bce. Frahm is the author of numerous articles and five books. In addition, he serves as director of the Cuneiform Commentaries Project.

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The Royal Inscriptions of Babylonia online (RIBo) Project

 

From the start of the Second Dynasty of Isin (1157-1026 BC) to the end of the Neo-Babylonian Dynasty (625-539 BC), over 80 men claimed suzerainty over the land of Sumer and Akkad, an area roughly comprising modern-day southern Iraq; the number greatly increases to about 130 if one also includes the kings of the later Persian and Greek (Macedonian and Seleucid) Periods. These Babylonian rulers, some of whom proudly referred to themselves as the ‘king of Babylon’ (a title divinely sanctioned by that city’s tutelary deity, Marduk), had inscriptions officially commissioned in their names, sometimes to boast about an accomplishment of theirs (often the renovation of a temple or the construction of a palace or city wall) and sometimes to simply indicate that an object belonged to them.

Over 400 Akkadian and/or Sumerian royal inscriptions from these periods survive today. Those texts are preserved on more than 1,800 clay, metal, and stone objects, over half of which date to the reign of the famous Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC). The majority of these are assumed to have been unearthed in the ruins of one of the major cult centers of Babylonia: Babylon, Borsippa, Nippur, Sippar, Ur, and Uruk. Many of the bricks, clay cylinders, clay prisms, clay tablets, paving stones, foundation blocks, beads, etc. discovered through scientific archaeological excavations or illicit digs have made their way into numerous museum and private collections around the world; some objects, especially those that were too heavy to haul back to Europe or North America, were left and buried in the field by their excavators after their contents were recorded, copied, and/or photographed.

The aim of RIBo, a sub-project of the Official Inscriptions of the Middle East in Antiquity (OIMEA) Project, is to publish in a single place easily accessible and annotated (lemmatized) editions of all of the known Akkadian and Sumerian royal inscriptions from Babylonia that were composed between 1157 BC and 64 BC. RIBo’s contents are divided into several sub-projects, generally by “dynasty” or period. The “dynastic” numbering follows that of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Babylonian Periods (RIMB) publications of the now-defunct Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia (RIM) Project. The sub-project numbering is as follows:

“Babylon 1” = Kassite Period (1595-1155 BC).
“Babylon 2” = Second Dynasty of Isin (1157-1026 BC).
“Babylon 3” = Second Dynasty of the Sealand (1025-1005 BC).
“Babylon 4” = Bazi Dynasty (1004-985 BC).
“Babylon 5” = Elamite Dynasty (984-979 BC).
“Babylon 6” = Uncertain Dynasties (978-626 BC).
“Babylon 7” = Neo-Babylonian Dynasty (625-539 BC).
“Babylon 8” = Akkadian inscriptions of the Persian Period (538-330 BC), especially the now-famous “Cyrus Cylinder.”
“Babylon 9” = Macedonian rulers of Mesopotamia (currently no inscriptions known).
“Babylon 10” = Seleucid era (305-64 BC) official inscriptions written in Akkadian, especially the “Antiochus (Borsippa) Cylinder.”

The Royal Inscriptions of Babylonia online (RIBo) Project is a component of Oracc – The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus.

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The UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology is an international cooperative project to provide high quality peer reviewed information on ancient Egypt.

Confira.