Encyclopaedia Gentium Boni – Recursos para o estudo da Bíblia

Encyclopaedia Gentium Boni: numerosos recursos para o estudo da Bíblia, com forte ênfase na língua hebraica. Tanto para consulta online, quanto para download. Por Didier Fontaine. Em francês.

Uma pequena amostra dos recursos hebraicos: dictionnaires, grammaires complètes, méthodes d’initiation, syntaxe, textes analysés, textes de référence, conjugaisons, ouvrages indispensables, flashcards, logiciels gratuits… Mas há mais! Veja alguns recursos bíblicos: textes originaux, manuscrits, critique textuelle, ressources bibliographiques, encyclopédies et dictionnaires, atlas bibliques…

Visite a Eisenbrauns

A Eisenbrauns, de Indiana, USA, é uma respeitada casa com publicações acadêmicas de excelente qualidade sobre o Antigo Oriente Médio, estudos bíblicos, arqueologia e assiriologia.

 

Established in 1975 by Jim and Merna Eisenbraun primarily as a means for students at the University of Michigan to purchase books in Ancient Near East studies affordably, Eisenbrauns grew over the years to include a publishing program, a prepress house, and book distribution and sales. In 2017, Eisenbrauns secured the future of its highly regarded publications in Ancient Near East studies, biblical studies, biblical archaeology, Assyriology, linguistics, and related fields by becoming an imprint of Penn State University Press, where the books and journals will complement PSU Press’s prestigious lists in religious studies and Jewish studies.

A university press is a natural home for Eisenbrauns, even if such a move is rare in the broader industry. Jim and his publishing house have long and deep relationships in the university press world. A publisher of premier peer-reviewed scholarship, Eisenbrauns handles prepress and other specialized production work for a number of university press journals and books, and the company’s service-oriented philosophy aligns well with the mission underlying every university press operation.

O Pentateuco: do consenso wellhauseniano aos novos paradigmas

A disciplina Pentateuco é estudada no segundo semestre do primeiro ano, com carga horária de 4 horas semanais. Tempo que atualmente se tornou curto, pois há uma profunda crise nesta área de estudos, muito semelhante à crise da História de Israel. A teoria clássica das fontes JEDP do Pentateuco, elaborada no século XIX por Hupfeld, Kuenen, Reuss, Graf e, especialmente, Wellhausen, vem sofrendo, desde meados da década de 70 do século XX, sérios abalos, de forma que hoje muitos pesquisadores consideram impossível assumir, sem mais, este modelo como ponto de partida. O consenso wellhauseniano foi rompido, contudo, ainda não se conseguiu um novo consenso e muitas são as propostas hoje existentes para explicar a origem e a formação do Pentateuco.

I. Ementa
Oferece ao aluno um panorama da pesquisa exegética na área da formação e composição dos cinco primeiros livros da Bíblia e estuda os seus principais textos.

II. Objetivos
Familiariza o aluno com as tradições históricas de Israel e com as mais recentes pesquisas na área do Pentateuco para que o uso do texto na prática pastoral possa ser feito de forma consciente.

III. Conteúdo Programático
1. A redação do Pentateuco em três tempos
2. Novos paradigmas no estudo do Pentateuco
3. O Decálogo: Ex 20,1-17 e Dt 5,6-21
4. Códigos do Antigo Oriente Médio
5. O Código da Aliança: Ex 20,22-23,19
6. A criação: Gn 1,1-2,4a e Gn 2,4b-25
7. O pecado em quatro quadros: Gn 3,1-24
8. Caim e Abel: Gn 4,1-26
9. Patriarcas pré-diluvianos – de Adão a Noé: Gn 5,1-28.30-32
10. O dilúvio: Gn 6,5-9,19
11. A cidade e a torre de Babel: Gn 11,1-9
12. As tradições patriarcais: Gn 11,27-37,1
13. A história de José: Gn 37,5-50,26
14. O êxodo do Egito: Ex 1-15

IV. Bibliografia
Básica
DA SILVA, A. J. O pentateuco e a história de Israel. In: Teologia na pós-modernidade: abordagens epistemológica, sistemática e teórico-prática. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2003. p. 173-215.

DE PURY, A. (org.) O Pentateuco em questão: as origens e a composição dos cinco primeiros livros da Bíblia à luz das pesquisas recentes. 2. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002.

GARCÍA LÓPEZ, F. O Pentateuco. São Paulo: Ave-Maria, 2004.

GRUEN, W. et al. Os dez mandamentos: várias leituras 2. ed. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 9, 1987.

MESTERS, C. Paraíso terrestre: saudade ou esperança? 17. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2001.

SCHWANTES, M. et al. A memória popular do êxodo. 2. ed. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 16, 1996.

SKA, J.-L. Introdução à leitura do Pentateuco: chaves para a interpretação dos cinco primeiros livros da Bíblia. São Paulo: Loyola, 2003. Resenha disponível na Ayrton’s Biblical Page > Ler o Pentateuco.

Complementar
BRIEND, J. (org.) A criação e o dilúvio segundo os textos do Oriente Médio Antigo 2. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 1990.

BOUZON, E. Uma coleção de direito babilônico pré-hammurabiano: leis do reino de Eshnunna. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2001.

BOUZON, E. O Código de Hammurabi. 10. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2003.

CRÜSEMANN, F. A Torá: teologia e história social da lei do Antigo Testamento. 2. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002.

GARCÍA LÓPEZ, F. O decálogo. São Paulo: Paulus, 1997.

GERSTENBERGER, E. et al. A Lei. Estudos Bíblicos, Petrópolis, n. 51, 1996.

GERTZ, J. C.; SCHMID, K.; WITTE, M. (eds.) Abschied vom Jahwisten: Die Komposition des Hexateuch in der jüngsten Diskussion. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2002.

MESTERS, C. Bíblia, livro da aliança. 6. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 1997.

SCHWANTES, M. Projetos de esperança: meditações sobre Gênesis 1-11. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2002.

SCHWANTES, M. et al. Pentateuco. RIBLA, Petrópolis/São Leopoldo, n. 23, 1996/1.

SPARKS, K. L. The Pentateuch: An Annotated Bibliography. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

STORNIOLO, I. Mandamentos, ontem e hoje (Entrevista com Pe. Ivo Storniolo). Vida Pastoral, São Paulo, n. 149, pp. 27-29, nov./dez. 1989.

STORNIOLO, I. Como ler o livro do Levítico: a formação de um povo santo. 3. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 1997.

STORNIOLO, I. A cidade e sua torre: bênção ou castigo? Vida Pastoral, São Paulo, n. 152 , p. 2-7, maio/junho 1990.

VAN SETERS, J. The Pentateuch: A Social-Science Commentary. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999.

WATTS, J. W. ( ed.) Persia and Torah: The Theory of Imperial Authorization of the Pentateuch. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001.

Novo livro de Israel Finkelstein e Neil Asher Silberman vem aí

Dos autores do consagrado The Bible Unearthed (tradução brasileira: A Bíblia desenterrada), vem aí novo livro. Desta vez sobre Davi e Salomão e sobre o que deles se falou e se pode falar hoje.

FINKELSTEIN, I.; SILBERMAN, N. A. David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible’s Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York: The Free Press, 2006, 352 p.

A editora oferece a seguinte descrição da obra:

FINKELSTEIN, I.; SILBERMAN, N. A. David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible’s Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York: The Free Press, 2006The exploding number of discoveries of biblical archaeology – artifacts and texts found at hundreds of sites populated in the ancient Near East – have shed powerful beams of light on the characters and peoples in the Bible. Most of the resulting public controversies have focused on whether or not the history in the Bible is true. Yet ultimately, there are two larger questions that matter more: exactly how did the Bible evolve into its final form, over the centuries-long process of its compilation, and what does that history tell us about the traditions we have inherited and that still stamp our memories?

In David and Solomon, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, leading archaeologists and authors who have done a great deal to uncover and understand the breathtaking findings of their field, focus on the first two great kings of the Bible as a lens through which we can see the evolution of the entire biblical era. The Bible’s chapters and verses on David and his son were written in stages, over many hundreds of years, by authors living in very different circumstances. Thanks to a combination of textual analysis and archaeology, we now know a great deal about which parts of the story were written in which era, and why those particular societies might have added to the legend precisely as they did. In short, David and Solomon offers a guide to a thousand years of ancient civilization and the evolution of a tradition of kingly leadership that held sway throughout the West for much of our history.

The earliest folklore and verses about David depict a bandit leader, hiding in the mountains, leading a small gang of traveling raiders (which fits what we know of the ninth century B.C.E.). That bandit may well be the “true” David. In later periods, authors added images of David as a poet, as the founder of a great dynasty, as a political in-fighter, and (perhaps most famously) as a sinner. All of these images made sense for the authors who created them, and a similar evolution of Solomon from the builder of the Temple, to expander of his empire, to wise sage, to rich trader similarly reflects the successive stages of history up to the time of Jesus. Ultimately, David and Solomon came to embody a tradition of divinely inspired kings and even messiahs, the forerunners of Jesus and of the great kings of Europe throughout the Middle Ages.

David and Solomon shows how the stories built around two men reflect the very roots of the western tradition and explains a great deal of why the Bible appears as it does.

Na página da Free Press pode-se ler a Introdução do livro. Cito alguns trechos apenas:

Archaeology is today the most important tool at our disposal for reconstructing the evolution of ancient Israelite society. Elsewhere in the ancient world, archaeological Israel Finkelsteinresearch has also transformed our vision of the past (…) The discrepancies between art and literature, on the one hand, and documented, verifiable history and archaeological evidence, on the other, have made us see the founder myths of antiquity for what they are: shared expressions of ancient communal identity, told with great power and insight, still interesting and worthy of study, but certainly not to be taken as literal, credible records of events.

Such is the case with David and Solomon, who are depicted in the biblical narrative as founding fathers of the ancient Israelite state. Yet we can now say – as we will argue in considerable detail throughout this book – that many of the famous episodes in the biblical story of David and Solomon are fictions, historically questionable, or highly exaggerated. In the following chapters we will present archaeological evidence to show that there was no united monarchy of Israel in the way that the Bible describes it. Although it seems probable that David and Solomon were actual historical characters, they were very different from their scriptural portraits. We will show that it is highly unlikely that David ever conquered territories of peoples more than a day or two’s march from the heartland of Judah. We will suggest that Solomon’s Jerusalem was neither extensive nor impressive, but rather the rough hilltop stronghold of a local dynasty of rustic tribal chiefs. Yet the point of this book is not simply to debunk stories from the Bible. Alone among the great legends of Near Eastern and classical antiquity, the Bible retains its power to inspire hopes and dreams for living communities around the world even today. Our goal is to show how the legends of David and Solomon developed, and how they came to guide western thinking and shape western religious and political traditions in important ways.

As we proceed through the following chapters, we will analyze and attempt to date the various layers of the biblical story, describing the main issues in the now-bitter scholarly disagreements about its historical reliability, and presenting new archaeological evidence that is central to that debate. We will show, step by step, period by period, how the historical reality of ancient Judah – as revealed by archaeological research – gave rise both to a dynasty and to a legend that was transformed and expanded in a process of historical reinterpretation that continues even today.

DUSANE: DUtch Symposium of the Ancient Near East

DUtch Symposium of the Ancient Near East, Leiden 2006: Nomadism, Pastoralism, and Current Research.

The first Dutch symposium of the Ancient Near East (DUSANE) is an initiative of students from the Faculty of Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Leiden. The symposium shall be held on Saturday the eleventh of March 2006 [leia sobre o Simpósio de 2010].

This symposium aims to bring various Dutch scholars together, to enhance the scientific-archaeological work carried out by Dutch scholars in the Near East and to bring this work to the attention of the wider, non-scholarly public. We aim to exchange information among project directors, students, colleagues and all those interested in Dutch archaeological research in the countries of today’s Middle East (…) Our speakers include directors of current key archaeological research projects, Assyriologists, and material specialists.Studenten van het Leidse dispuut van archeologie van het nabije Oosten, Nabu Naíd, van de Faculteit Archeologie in Leiden organiseren in 2006 voor de eerste keer het Dutch Symposium of the Ancient Near East (DUSANE). Het symposium indt plaats op zaterdag 11 maart 2006 in Leiden…

Quase metade dos judeus europeus descendem de apenas quatro mulheres

Metade dos judeus europeus ‘descendem de 4 mulheres’

Um estudo revelou que quase metade dos judeus da Europa descendem de apenas quatro mulheres.

Acredita-se que as quatro mulheres viveram no Oriente Médio há cerca de mil anos. As características genéticas passadas por elas a seus descendentes não são encontradas em não-judeus e são muito raras em judeus que não são de origem asquenazita.

Cientistas o Instituto de Tecnologia de Israel, o Technion, estudaram o DNA mitocondrial – passado de mãe para filha – de onze mil mulheres judias de origem asquenazitas vivendo em 67 países.

Os asquenazitas mudaram do Oriente Médio para a Itália, e dali para o Leste Europeu, onde sua população aumentou consideravelmente no século 13, de acordo com os cientistas.

Mãe judia

Os pesquisadores acreditam que há cerca de oito milhões de judeus asquenazitas no mundo hoje.

Segundo Doron Behar, um dos pesquisadores, os resultados do estudo mostram a importância da mãe judia.

“Mas isso eu poderia dizer mesmo sem o estudo”, disse Behar à agência de notícias Reuters.

O estudo foi publicado na Revista Americana de Genética Humana.

Fonte: BBC Brasil – 4 de janeiro de 2006

 

The Matrilineal Ancestry of Ashkenazi Jewry: Portrait of a Recent Founder Event

Both the extent and location of the maternal ancestral deme from which the Ashkenazi Jewry arose remain obscure. Here, using complete sequences of the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we show that close to one-half of Ashkenazi Jews, estimated at 8,000,000 people, can be traced back to only 4 women carrying distinct mtDNAs that are virtually absent in other populations, with the important exception of low frequencies among non-Ashkenazi Jews. We conclude that four founding mtDNAs, likely of Near Eastern ancestry, underwent major expansion(s) in Europe within the past millennium…

A Bíblia Semântica

A Bíblia Semântica é composta por uma série de experimentos de novas tecnologias de computação aplicadas ao estudo da Bíblia. Compreende: uma Hiper-Concordância do Novo Testamento, um Índice Compósito do Evangelho, uma Base de Dados semântica de Nomes do Novo Testamento é um Blog. Site de Sean Boisen, Mestre em Linguística que trabalha com aplicações avançadas de linguagem e tecnologias de fala por computador.

New Testament Hyper-Concordance

The basic idea is to navigate the space of Scripture directly using words. Taking this idea one step further, given the text of the verse, you can just embed a hyperlink from the word in question to other verses, preserving the context. Now here’s where the idea takes off: instead of just hyperlinking one word, suppose every word is hyperlinked? This more tightly connects the information and gets you directly from the context of one verse to another with similar content (because of similar words). With some special processing to index the words, every word can link to a list of verses, each word of which is in turn hyperlinked to others, each word of which …

The Composite Gospel Index

The Composite Gospel Index (CGI) combines the four Gospel accounts of the life of Jesus into a single unified view. Instead of the traditional book/chapter/verse organization, it divides the texts into about 350 pericopes, each of which describe an event, a teaching, a parable, an interaction, or some other cohesive piece of text.

New Testament Names: a Semantic Knowledge Base

New Testament Names is a semantic knowledge base describing each named thing in the New Testament, about 600 names in all. Each named thing (an entity) is categorized according to its class, including God, Jesus, individual men and women, groups of people, and locations. These entities are related to each other by properties that interconnect the entities into a web of information, all represented in a standardized language with formal semantics, and shared on the Web with URI’s for others to use and extend. You can download it.

Blogos

A blog about God’s Word, our words meaning, communication, & technology, following Jesus, the Word made flesh.

Tyndale Unicode Font Kit

Fontes Unicode estão se tornando padrão na Web. Com o freeware Tyndale Unicode Font Kit o usuário tem, além de fontes Unicode, teclados para escrever Hebraico e Grego bíblicos e transliterar o texto.

O software pode ser encontrado na Tyndale House, Universidade de Cambridge, Reino Unido.

 

Our kit includes intuitive and customisable keyboards for typing in Greek, Hebrew and transliteration, allowing you to create text that can be used directly in publications and websites. The Greek font includes breathing, accents and ancient forms, while the Hebrew font includes vowel pointing and Masoretic punctuation. Our scholarly font can be used easily with other Unicode fonts and is built around the Cardo Unicode font by David Parry.

Fotos de pesquisadores famosos: biblistas e teólogos

Interessante a descoberta deste site, coreano, com fotos de biblistas e teólogos famosos, como Kurt Aland, Albrecht Alt, Karl Barth, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Ernst Bloch, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Rudolf Bultmann, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Frank Cruesemann, Oscar Cullmann, Herbert Donner, Bernhard Duhm, Otto Eissfeldt, Karl Elliger, Herman Gunkel, Adolf von Harnack, Martin Hengel, Joachim Jeremias, Gerhard von Rad, Karl Rahner, Rolf Rendtorff, Paul Tillich, Julius Wellhausen, entre outros. São cerca de sessenta!

O meu amigo Domingos Zamagna, biblista, gostava de dizer, nos bons tempos de estudo em Roma, que é fundamental o conhecimento da pessoa ou, pelo menos de sua foto, para compreendermos melhor seu pensamento…

O Google já trabalha com trinta instituições acadêmicas brasileiras

Quarta-feira foi lançado o Google Acadêmico.

 

Segundo sua assessoria de imprensa, o Google já está trabalhando com 30 das maiores instituições acadêmicas brasileiras para oferecer seu conteúdo aos internautas. “Acreditamos que as descobertas de cunho universal são fundamentais para a vida acadêmica, pois permitem aos pesquisadores resgatar o que foi feito sobre o assunto de seu interesse até os dias de hoje”, explica Anurag Acharya, engenheiro chefe do projeto Scholar. “Não sabemos qual será o próximo avanço descoberto, nem de onde ele virá. Facilitando o acesso dos pesquisadores de todo o mundo às pesquisas e trabalhos científicos feitos mundialmente, acreditamos que estamos cumprindo nosso papel para o mundo acadêmico”, afirma. O Google Acadêmico classifica seus resultados usando as regras de relevância do buscador, para assegurar que as referências mais úteis apareçam no alto da página. Além disso, sempre que possível, o serviço buscará o texto de uma pesquisa na íntegra e não apenas no seu sumário (continua)…

É o que noticia a INFO Online.